![]() Journalism." Multiple original stories published on Storify. "Video News & Comment About Controversy & Future of Syrian’s Citizen Arab-American television, on the other hand, has yet to even really find a place amid the satellite programming available from Arab countries. Radio programs, in light of the continuing challenge to find advertising sponsorship, are beginning to shift online. Newspapers have made the greatest inroads here so far, with most offering at least some form of digital content, while still maintaining print versions for older generations and those who prefer a physical newspaper. However, Manneh of New America Media points out that the credibility of this information is difficult to verify "depending on where it’s from, to whom it’s attributed, especially when various events are happening very quickly." Īrab-American news outlets find they must compete with this abundance of online content in order to evolve alongside readers who are increasingly turning to the internet for information. The utility of social media in accessing information became clear during the Arab uprisings and events such as Egypt’s parliamentary and presidential elections. In addition to keeping up with the online presence of larger news organizations, Arab-American media are forced to compete with user-generated content that is rapidly available to audiences. Twitter, Facebook and other new media offer ways for the Arab-American news media to reach audiences, but also pose a threat to smaller outlets. Earlier PEJ research finds the role of Twitter in disseminating breaking news is not limited to the Arab uprisings – the death of Whitney Houston, for example, was announced on Twitter 55 minutes prior to the AP confirming the story. Passing along information is an important part of the news process. These findings point to social media’s important role in spreading information, but do not necessarily indicate that social media was a mobilizing force in the uprisings. Though most of the country is disconnected from the internet, 84% of those who are online say they visit social networking sites for news about Egypt’s political situation. When looking specifically at those with a college education, use of social media for obtaining political information is more prevalent than in other segments of the population. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of the total population do not use the internet. "New media outlets that use bit.ly links are more likely to spread information outside of the region than inside it, acting like a megaphone more than a rallying cry." ĭata from the Pew Research Center’s Global Attitudes Project at least somewhat supports this conclusion with its findings that the majority of Egyptians are not online. Instead, the study suggests that the importance of social media was in communicating to the rest of the world what was happening on the ground during the uprisings. The authors came to some conclusions that countered the initial assumption that social media was a causal mechanism in the uprisings. Bit.ly links, or short URLs, are predominantly used in social media such as Twitter. ![]() In July 2012 a report was published by the United States Institute of Peace based on an extensive content analysis of bit.ly links from the uprisings in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, and Bahrain. Now, research is emerging that reexamines in a more detailed way the role that social media played in the Arab uprisings. Additionally, digital media has been used by Arabs to exercise freedom of speech and as a space for civic engagement. Civil society leaders in Arab countries emphasized the role of "the internet, mobile phones, and social media" in the protests. ![]() Networks formed online were crucial in organizing a core group of activists, specifically in Egypt. Social media indeed played a part in the Arab uprisings. And since then, the violent and sectarian unrest in Syria has brought increased attention to the role of citizen journalism. In covering what some deemed the Facebook or Twitter revolutions, the media focused heavily on young protesters mobilizing in the streets in political opposition, smartphones in hand. Almost immediately after the Arab uprisings began, there was debate over the role and influence of social media in the ouster of Tunisian president Zine El Abidine Ben Ali and the imminent overthrow of Mubarak. ![]()
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